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Over the weekend I finally caught the movie, No Country for Old Men. It’s critically acclaimed and several friends recommended that I go see it. At times the movie was boring and slow. At times it was quick witted and interesting. However, most of the time nothing about the movie made sense.

In the current mortgage landscape nothing makes sense.

I still get several refinance requests from the internet where people are shopping and getting quoted rates that haven’t existed in years. Moreover, to get a loan closed today is much more difficult than ever before. So for anyone to do a loan at the lowest possible rates doesn’t make any business sense.

Some requests are for home purchases by real estate investors. Every day lenders are limiting their risk by limiting what a mortgage broker can and cannot submit. Every day programs are disappearing. There are very few high risk loans available. It’s only a matter of time before buying a home with no money down will become extinct.

Most of the inquiries I get are questions. Simple questions such as “Is now a good time to refinance?” or “Will not paying my bills hurt my credit?” The people who ask these don’t give me any information about themselves just a name and an email. That’s like asking your optometrist (eye doc) “Do I have ocular degeneration?” without having him/her/it look at your eyes.

Just like the movie, No Country for Old Men, there is no end in sight to all the madness.

“Is it ignorance or apathy? Hey, I don’t know and I don’t care.” - Jimmy Buffet

Apathy: the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally
Ignorance: the lack of knowledge or education

According to a Bankrate survey 34% of homeowners don’t know the type of mortgage they have.

These were the key findings of the survey:

Homeowners:

• 36% who now have an Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM), plan to refinance to a fixed-rate loan when their ARM changes
• 28% of those surveyed worry either regularly or sometimes about how they will afford their payments next year
• 57% of homeowners polled have a fixed-rate mortgage

Your home is your biggest asset/liability depending on how you view your home. Most people either have one of three kinds of mortgages because there are only three kinds:

1. fixed rate mortgage which means it’s fixed for 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, or 50 years
2. an adjustable rate mortgage which means it’s not fixed, it will adjust at some point
3. a negative amortization mortgage which means if you don’t know what kind of mortgage you have then this loan is not for you

If you don’t know the mortgage interest rate and the mortgage loan program you’re in, simply find your mortgage documents and find your NOTE and read it!

Back in September, the Feds came out with a press release entitled: Federal financial regulatory agencies issue final guidance on nontraditional mortgage product risks–September 29, 2006. The purpose of this press release was to address the problems our nation has been having with high risk mortgages.

These products, referred to variously as “nontraditional,” “alternative,” or “exotic” mortgage loans (referred to below as nontraditional mortgage loans), include “interest-only” mortgages and “payment option” adjustable-rate mortgages. These products allow borrowers to exchange lower payments during an initial period for higher payments later.

These loans often carry the following layers of risk:

• Interest Only

: Interest only payments do not require principal reduction therefore your loan balance stays the same.

• Adjustment of Rate

: When adjustable rate mortgages begin their adjustment phase, your loan payments may increase.

• Negative Amortization

: When you only make the minimum payment your principal balance increases every month.

• Prepayment penalties

: If you decide to refinance or sell your home before the penalty expires, you may face severe monetary penalties.

For more on the Feds effort to explain high risk mortgages, check out these addendum’s which explain:

1. Risks of Non Traditional Mortgages
2. Key Facts About Interest Only and Payment Option Mortgages

Phil’s take: I take pride in understanding these “high risk” mortgages inside and out. However, it took time to really understand all the nuances. On the other hand, a borrower has a month, maybe less, to really understand what they’re getting themselves into. The above documents are a good start but it won’t deter mortgage companies from coming up with even more complex loan programs in the future.

Business week has an article entitled “How Toxic is Your Mortgage” which condemns the Option Arm loan program. The article explores the history of the option arm and the risk associated with a negative amortized loan.

For cash-strapped homeowners, it was a pitch they couldn’t refuse: Refinance your mortgage at a bargain rate and cut your payments in half. New home buyers, stretching to afford something in a super-heated market, didn’t even need to produce documentation, much less a downpayment.

Those who took the bait are in for a nasty surprise. While many Americans have started to worry about falling home prices, borrowers who jumped into so-called option ARM loans have another, more urgent problem: payments that are about to skyrocket.

Consider the following questions when evaluating this loan product:

• Do you understand the start or introductory rate?
• Do you understand the margin?
• Do you understand the index?
• Do you understand the effective rate?
• Do you understand the four payment options?
• Do you understand the minimum payment?
• Do you understand negative amortization?
• Do you understand the recast payment?

If you can answer all these questions, then maybe, just maybe, this loan is right for you!

A stated-income loan qualifies a borrower using the income the borrower states on the application form - as opposed to the income the borrower can document. With a stated income loan, the lender agrees not to attempt to verify the income the borrower has stated on the application.

Stated income mortgages are ideal for the self-employed and for home buyers in professions with salaries comprised mostly of cash tips, such as waiters and hotel porters. This type of loan applicants can often afford a mortgage, but don’t have the necessary pay stubs to document their true earnings. Self-employed business owners whose personal assets are commingled with the business assets often utilize “Stated-Income Stated-Assets” mortgage programs.

You are responsible for providing an accurate figure when the loan officer asks for your income amount. The loan officer should not coach you or fill in the amount for you. If the loan is audited and fraud is discovered you and or the loan officer can be held accountable under the law.

One of the reasons for a stated income loan is to minimize paperwork during the loan application process. A number of requirements that would normally be requested are W2 Statements, 1099 Forms, Bank Statements, and Pay Check Stubs. A stated income loan would not require the borrower(s) to find and organize this information to be approved for a loan. In many cases the interest rate difference is very minimal but normally slightly higher than a loan which requires proof of income.

On some stated income programs, the lender may require the borrowers to complete and sign Internal Revenue Service form 4506. This form gives the lender permission to access past and future tax returns of the borrowers. Having a signed and completed 4506 form in the file greatly enhances the marketability of the loan to the secondary market.

Some times this loan program has been referred to as “The Liars Loan”. It is important to understand, the existence of this loan, is for the purpose of helping borrowers, who otherwise cannot document their Actual Income. It is not designed to fictitiously inflate your income.

Stated income may be used in lieu of full documentation if you have higher credit scores. Lenders view you as less risky and therefore are willing to dismiss income documentation to speed up the loan process. The rate you receive is contingent on specific loan to value and/or down payment restrictions.

Lenders will often check with widely-available salary survey sources like salary.com to determine whether or not the income stated is consistent with the borrower’s profession and title.

Here are some reason why you would choose a mortgage broker:

A mortgage broker can shop the banks for you; saving you time and money. A broker has many banks to choose from so you get the best rate!

Mortgage brokers work with wholesale rates rather than retail rates. They can often provide rates lower than what you may get quoted by a bank which uses retail rates.

Mortgage brokers originated over 70% of all mortgage loans originated over the past couple of years. For this reason alone, this should let you know how key the role of a good mortgage broker is.

A mortgage broker has the ability to have your loan approved and submitted at many different lenders. If a particular lender should cause a delay or refuse the loan the mortgage broker can have another lender begin to underwrite the loan. This will insure there are no timely or costly delays in your loan process!

A mortgage broker makes banks compete with one another for your business.

Mortgage brokers allow you to see multiple offers at once. You are given choices on which program best fits your needs. Direct lenders often have higher costs and are forced to charge you a minimum in points and fees. Brokers give you the flexibility to negotiate those fees.

A mortgage broker generally have established business relationships with multiple banks, and therefore has many more loan programs available, whereas a bank loan officer can only sell mortgage products offered by the bank. While a mortgage broker has the ability to shop different lending institutions to find loan programs tailored made for homebuyers in almost any financial situation, a bank based loan officer can only offer the bank’s product, even if that loan product may not be the best for the home buyer. For example, a neighborhood bank may have a “Stated Income” program for loan applicants with credit scores of 700 and above and a “No-Doc” program for credit scores of below 700 at a higher interest rate. Since a borrower with a credit score of 685 does not qualify for the “Stated-Income” program, the bank loan officer would put him in a “No-Doc” loan with a higher interest rate. On the other hand, an experienced mortgage broker can often find another lender offering a lower interest rate “Stated Income” program for the same borrower.

A mortgage broker can quickly determine the best loan program for you, then search through several lenders who specialize in that program to find the best rate and terms for you. A bank, on the other hand, has fewer programs to choose from and must sometimes try to fit your unique situation into one of their programs, whether it is a perfect fit or not.

In addition a good mortgage broker will look at more than just obtaining a loan for you. They will look at your whole financial picture to make sure the loan program fits your short term and long term goals.

Here are some reasons why you would use a mortgage broker:

There are many reasons that you should use a mortgage broker and many advantages to using a mortgage broker. One reason to use a mortgage broker is because a mortgage broker has access to all kinds of different home loan programs.

A mortgage broker’s job is to assess your situation and then shop your loan via 100 different lenders in order to find you the most beneficial loan for your situation. We have access to over 1200 different loan programs and are able to obtain wholesale rates which can save you $100,000 plus over the life of your loan.

Here’s something to keep in mind. As a mortgage broker, I’m completely independent. I’m not employed by or work for any bank or lending institution. I work for my clients. The bank is going to look out for its best interests, isn’t it nice to have someone working for you, the borrower, and looking out for your best interests?

Many mortgage brokers have expertise in certain types of loans, such a construction-to-permanent loans, poor credit loans, or reverse mortgages. If your situation has special obstacles a mortgage broker may be the best answer.

A mortgage broker is an individual or firm that acts as an independent agent for both the borrower and the lender of a mortgage loan. Mortgage brokers are the middle man between you and the lending institution, which can be a bank, trust company, credit union, mortgage corporation, finance company or even an individual private investor. A mortgage broker will analyze your financial situation to determine which lender is the best fit for your loan needs.

Mortgage brokers have the advantage of being able to access dozens of rates quickly for similar loan programs from different lenders. Although banks have similar programs, their rates can vary widely. Mortgage brokers, through experience and through searching rates, can find which lenders are offering the lowest rates at any given moment.

Mortgage brokers have more options than banks. For example. if you have poor credit and need a sub-prime loan, your bank may have access to one option. A mortgage broker would have access to dozens. Other situations where mortgage brokers would be able to provide you with more options than a bank include manufactured homes, rural properties, commercial properties, first time home buyers, and special credit situations, such as bankruptcies and foreclosures.

Working with a mortgage broker has many benefits. Just to name a few: we discuss and explain the programs that are available to you in your particular situation. We inform you in writing that you loan interest rate is locked and wont change. We explain all the documents in plain English so you understand what you are signing. We explain all the costs involved in closing the loan. We give you a time-line of the loan process. We provide you with a good faith estimate. We also coordinate the final closing of your loan.

Mortgage brokers have access to wholesale rates, where as your local bank only has access to the rates that they offer. This can save you money on your monthly payment, especially if you have a unique situation that your bank will not be able to handle.

Mortgage brokers are also familiar with the area in which they operate. Using someone local has big advantages. With so much mortgage information online, it’s hard to know who to choose. If something goes wrong along the way with your loan, it is easier to deal with if you have a loan officer you can meet with face to face rather than a website or 800 number.

A mortgage broker is also able to move your file to another lender should a better deal appear. Or if there is a problem with your file in underwriting your mortgage broker can switch lenders within minutes and ensure you meet your close date. Local banks cannot do this.

An explanation of when to get qualified for a mortgage:

Should I get qualified for a mortgage before looking for a new house or find a house I like and then get qualified? You should absolutely get pre-qualified for a home loan before house hunting. By getting qualified first this will allow you to know how much house you can afford and how much of a mortgage you can qualify for. Also, most realtor’s will want to see a pre-approval before they start showing you houses, and the listing realtor will definitely want to see a pre-approval before accepting a bid on a house.

There is usually no commitment on your part to get -qualified. In most cases, you don’t even need to provide personal income documents. Of course, the more documents you furnish to your mortgage broker, the better and more accurate your pre-qualification will be. If you provide your mortgage broker with income and assets documentations, he/she can get you pre-approved from a bank, which is basically a loan approval, pending the information of the home and the appraisal.

Definitely begin the process as early as possible with your mortgage broker. This will give you a nice clear picture of what you can afford and what the process will be once you find your dream home. The sooner you begin with your mortgage broker, the sooner you can move through the loan process once you find your home!

Giving yourself time needed to save up for a down payment, improving your scores, and moving balances on accounts is imperative to a successful home loan transaction.

It’s actually not a bad idea to start looking into being qualified as much as three months before you plan on purchasing a home. That way, if there are any credit issues that you were not aware of, there is a good chance you will have time to address them before the purchase.

If you have an Adjustable Rate Mortgage(ARM) Loan, and the fixed period is will be expiring soon. You should look into becoming qualified for a new mortgage loan at about three months prior to the fixed period’s expiration.

It is a great idea to get pre-approved before you start to look for a new home so you know how much you have to finance. With today’s many 100% purchase programs a down payment is becoming a thing of the past for many people. But with no down payment the amount you can afford to finance will go down.

Editors Note: Due to the mortgage and credit crunch, Alternative Documentation loans are no longer be available. If you’re in need of a refinancing your mortgage in Denver, CO contact us to discuss your mortgage options.

Alternative Documentation is expedited and simpler documentation requirements designed to speed up the loan approval process. Instead of verifying employment with the applicants employer and bank deposits with the applicants bank, the lender will accept paycheck stubs, W-2s, and the borrowers original bank statements.

Alternative Documentation (Alt Doc) loans differ from Full Documentation (Full Doc) loans in that Alt Doc loan programs do not require the usual income and assets verifications from a third party (the applicant’s employer or the depository bank where the loan applicant keeps the down payment funds). Full Doc loans often require such third party verifications and therefore the underwriting process takes longer.

It is now possible to obtain an alternative credit report accredited by the National Credit Reporting Association (NCRA).

Fannie Mae’s “My Community” program was designed for first time home buyers with limited credit depth. This program will allow up to 100% financing with little or no credit. You will still have to show at least 4 alternative tradelines but your interest rate is much better than going with a subprime lender.

The usefulness of this documentation type is obvious; it allows the borrower to speed up the process for underwriting. While you may ask your loan agent for this type of documentation, certain restrictions may apply in order to qualify.

Alternative documentation types can allow borrowers with non traditional sources of income to qualify for loans.

A good example of a borrower who would need to use alternative documentation would be a plumber who works a regular 40 hour per week job but also works after hours and weekends doing “side” jobs. Many such folks earn a significant portion of their overall income this way and would have a difficult time proving this income with traditional methods.

Another option to consider if it is difficult or impossible to verify your income, employment and assets is to No-Doc. A No-Doc loan requires No Documentation of income, employment or assets. You do need a good credit score to go No-Doc and will pay a slightly higher interest rate in some cases but if verification of income, assets and employment is a problem, consider going No-Doc.

Any alternative credit accounts you use must have a good payment history and be open for a minimum of 12 months. Canceled rent checks can also be used for an alternative credit account.

Alt A and subprime lenders also allow other documentation types such as bank statements, business bank statements, and/or verification of employment to satisfy income documentation requirements. Check with your broker to see what programs will work best for you.

Only in recent years have we as mortgage professionals been able to work with alt doc type loans. In the past you had to put down 20%, provide proof of everything and have great credit to buy a home. Now we have to ability to pick from multiple loans programs that fit just about anyone’s profile.

When applying for a home loan there are many ways you can show income. The most common way is called full documentation, where you show the following forms of income:- Salary- Overtime- Bonus- Commissions- Part time job- Dividend and/or interest income- Rental income- Child support or alimony- Public assistance- Retirement income- Disability income - Military income and allowances

For salaried borrowers, you typically need your last 2 pay stubs, within the last 30 days of application, and your last 2 years W2s. Your required documentation may be less or more depending on your particular circumstances.

You can also show income using bank statements. Some lenders accept 6 months and 12 months of bank statements. The lender then calculates deposits made over that time period and comes up with your monthly income amount. One thing to note is most lenders use deposits only and filter out transfers from other bank accounts.

If you are able to document income this will allow you to get better terms from a lender. The less you are able to document, typically, the higher your rate will be.

In order to document child support as income you typically need to provide a copy of your divorce decree or order that states the amount that is provided, copies of 3-12 months cancelled checks that reflect a consistent pay history. The income must also be expected to continue for a period of at least 3 additional years from the date of closing.

For self-employed business owners attempting to go the stated income documentation route when applying for a mortgage, it is important to have your business license or other information which may substantiate the legitimacy of your business with you when you contact one of our mortgage professionals

There are also loan programs out their, that do not require any documentation at all.

Some lenders accept alternative documentations to prove income, such as a written Verification of Employment with wage information signed by the employer. For self-employed borrowers, most banks would accept the business tax returns, a year-to-date Profit and Loss Statement, and/or a Certified Public Accountant’s statement as proofs of the borrower’s income.

Non taxed items such as Social Security can be grossed up to 125%. For example if you received $300 in Social Security you can actually claim $375 on the application. This is standard with nearly all lenders.

If you are self employed it makes it more difficult for you to document your income due to most business write offs causing you to show less income on tax returns. If your credit scores are high enough then you may qualify for alternate forms of financing such as stated income or no ratio loans.

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